const PHASE_BOUNDS=[0,.125,.165,.29,.415,.505,.63,1],PHASE_SEC_75=[.1,.032,.1,.1,.072,.1,.296];function phaseBoundsForHR(n){const e=60/n,t=Math.pow(e/.8,.4),a=PHASE_SEC_75.map((o,s)=>s===6?0:o*t),i=a.reduce((o,s)=>o+s,0),r=.04*e;if(e-i<r){const o=(e-r)/i;for(let s=0;s<6;s++)a[s]*=o}a[6]=e-a.slice(0,6).reduce((o,s)=>o+s,0);const l=[0];for(const o of a)l.push(l[l.length-1]+o/e);return l[7]=1,l}const PHASES=[{id:0,zh:"\u5FC3\u623F\u6536\u7F29\u671F",en:"Atrial Systole",short:"\u5FC3\u623F\u6536\u7F29",shortEn:"A-Sys",pct:12.5,color:"#C77D3E",valves:{TV:"open",MV:"open",PV:"closed",AV:"closed"},event:"\u5FC3\u623F\u808C\u6536\u7F29,\u628A\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5145\u76C8\u91CF\u7684\u6700\u540E ~20\u201325% \u4E3B\u52A8\u6CF5\u5165\u5FC3\u5BA4,\u5B8C\u6210\u8212\u5F20\u672B\u5BB9\u79EF\uFF08EDV\uFF09\u5145\u76C8\u3002",eventEn:"Atrial kick adds the last ~20\u201325% of diastolic filling; ventricles reach EDV.",ecg:"P \u6CE2\u672B\u7AEF \u2192 PR \u6BB5",ecgEn:"End of P wave \u2192 PR segment",pressures:{LA:12,LV:8,AO:80}},{id:1,zh:"\u7B49\u5BB9\u6536\u7F29\u671F",en:"Isovolumic Contraction",short:"\u7B49\u5BB9\u6536\u7F29",shortEn:"IVCT",pct:4,color:"#B05730",valves:{TV:"closed",MV:"closed",PV:"closed",AV:"closed"},event:"4 \u74E3\u5168\u95ED,\u5BA4\u5185\u538B\u6025\u5267\u5347\u9AD8\u800C\u5BB9\u79EF\u4E0D\u53D8;\u538B\u529B\u4E0A\u5347\u901F\u7387\uFF08dP/dt\uFF09\u8FBE\u5CF0 \u2192 \u7B2C\u4E00\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S1\uFF09\u4E3B\u5CF0\u3002",eventEn:"All 4 valves shut; LV pressure soars at fixed volume; S1 peak.",ecg:"R \u6CE2\u964D\u652F \u2192 S \u6CE2",ecgEn:"R-wave downstroke \u2192 S wave",pressures:{LA:9,LV:60,AO:78}},{id:2,zh:"\u5FEB\u901F\u5C04\u8840\u671F",en:"Rapid Ejection",short:"\u5FEB\u901F\u5C04\u8840",shortEn:"R-Eject",pct:12.5,color:"#A23B36",valves:{TV:"closed",MV:"closed",PV:"open",AV:"open"},event:"\u534A\u6708\u74E3\u5F00,~70% \u6BCF\u640F\u91CF\uFF08SV\uFF09\u5728\u524D 1/3 \u5C04\u8840\u671F\u55B7\u51FA,\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u538B\u6025\u5347\u81F3\u5CF0\u503C ~120 mmHg\u3002",eventEn:"Semilunars open; ~70% SV ejected; AO pressure peaks.",ecg:"ST \u6BB5",ecgEn:"ST segment",pressures:{LA:7,LV:120,AO:120}},{id:3,zh:"\u51CF\u6162\u5C04\u8840\u671F",en:"Reduced Ejection",short:"\u51CF\u6162\u5C04\u8840",shortEn:"Red-Eject",pct:12.5,color:"#8A2F2B",valves:{TV:"closed",MV:"closed",PV:"open",AV:"open"},event:"\u5BA4\u808C\u590D\u6781\u5F00\u59CB,\u5C04\u8840\u51CF\u6162;\u5DE6\u5BA4\u538B\u7565\u4F4E\u4E8E\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u538B,\u4F46\u8840\u6D41\u60EF\u6027\u6301\u7EED\u3002",eventEn:"Repolarisation begins; flow slows; momentum maintains forward flow.",ecg:"T \u6CE2",ecgEn:"T wave",pressures:{LA:9,LV:100,AO:105}},{id:4,zh:"\u7B49\u5BB9\u8212\u5F20\u671F",en:"Isovolumic Relaxation",short:"\u7B49\u5BB9\u8212\u5F20",shortEn:"IVRT",pct:9,color:"#1E3A5F",valves:{TV:"closed",MV:"closed",PV:"closed",AV:"closed"},event:"\u534A\u6708\u74E3\u5173\u95ED(\u4EA7\u751F\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5FC3\u97F3 S2),4 \u74E3\u518D\u6B21\u5168\u95ED,\u5DE6\u5BA4\u538B\u9661\u964D\u800C\u5BB9\u79EF\u4E0D\u53D8\u3002",eventEn:"Semilunars shut \u2192 S2; all 4 valves closed; LV pressure drops fast.",ecg:"T \u6CE2\u7EC8\u70B9(\u2248S2)\u4E4B\u540E",ecgEn:"Just after the end of the T wave (\u2248 S2)",pressures:{LA:11,LV:40,AO:95}},{id:5,zh:"\u5FEB\u901F\u5145\u76C8\u671F",en:"Rapid Filling",short:"\u5FEB\u901F\u5145\u76C8",shortEn:"R-Fill",pct:12.5,color:"#3A5F8A",valves:{TV:"open",MV:"open",PV:"closed",AV:"closed"},event:"\u623F\u5BA4\u74E3\u5F00,\u5DE6\u623F\u2192\u5DE6\u5BA4\u538B\u5DEE\u9A71\u52A8\u8840\u6D41\u5FEB\u901F\u5145\u76C8;\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5145\u76C8\u91CF\u7684 ~65% \u5728\u6B64\u671F\u5B8C\u6210(E \u6CE2)\u3002",eventEn:"AV valves open; the LA\u2192LV gradient drives rapid filling (~65% of diastolic filling, the E wave).",ecg:"TP \u6BB5",ecgEn:"TP segment",pressures:{LA:8,LV:5,AO:88}},{id:6,zh:"\u51CF\u6162\u5145\u76C8\u671F",en:"Reduced Filling (Diastasis)",short:"\u51CF\u6162\u5145\u76C8",shortEn:"Diastasis",pct:37,color:"#7A8CA6",valves:{TV:"open",MV:"open",PV:"closed",AV:"closed"},event:"\u5FC3\u623F\u4E0E\u5FC3\u5BA4\u538B\u51E0\u4E4E\u5E73\u8861,\u8840\u6D41\u7F13\u6162\u7EE7\u7EED;\u5FC3\u7387\u5FEB\u65F6\u6B64\u671F\u6700\u5148\u88AB\u538B\u7F29\u3002",eventEn:"LA/LV pressures equilibrate; flow slows; first to shrink with HR.",ecg:"TP \u6BB5 \u2192 P \u6CE2",ecgEn:"TP segment \u2192 P wave",pressures:{LA:9,LV:9,AO:82}}],VOL_REF={LV:125,RV:130,LA:55,RA:55},STATES={normal:{id:"normal",zh:"\u6B63\u5E38",en:"Normal",HR:75,EDV:125,ESV:55,rvEDV:130,laVol:55,raVol:55,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:8,peakP:122,endSysP:95,minP:5},ao:{sys:120,dia:78},la:{base:8,a:5,v:7},sounds:["S1","S2"],soundGain:{},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[0,1],pv:[0,1]},note:"Resting healthy adult. S1 + S2 only.",noteZh:"\u5065\u5EB7\u6210\u4EBA\u9759\u606F\u3002\u4EC5\u7B2C\u4E00\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S1\uFF09 + \u7B2C\u4E8C\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S2\uFF09\uFF0C\u65E0\u9644\u52A0\u5FC3\u97F3\u4E0E\u6742\u97F3\u3002"},hf:{id:"hf",zh:"\u5FC3\u8870\u5931\u4EE3\u507F",en:"Decompensated HF",HR:105,EDV:160,ESV:120,rvEDV:155,laVol:78,raVol:70,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:24,peakP:96,endSysP:78,minP:14},ao:{sys:95,dia:70},la:{base:22,a:5,v:9},sounds:["S1","S2","S3","S4"],soundGain:{},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[.5,1],pv:[.5,1]},myoDark:!0,kickFrac:.125,note:"Dilated, weak ventricle with high filling pressures (LVEDP ~24). S3 (rapid filling) + S4 (atrial kick into a stiff wall). Congestion \xB1 hypoperfusion.",noteZh:"\u6269\u5F20\u3001\u6536\u7F29\u529B\u4E0B\u964D\u7684\u5FC3\u5BA4\uFF0C\u5145\u76C8\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\uFF08\u5DE6\u5BA4\u8212\u5F20\u672B\u538B ~24 mmHg\uFF09\u3002\u7B2C\u4E09\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S3\uFF09\uFF08\u5FEB\u901F\u5145\u76C8\uFF09+ \u7B2C\u56DB\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S4\uFF09\uFF08\u623F\u6536\u7F29\u51B2\u51FB\u50F5\u786C\u5BA4\u58C1\uFF09\u53E0\u52A0\u6210\u56DB\u8054\u5F8B\u5954\u9A6C\u3002\u80BA\u6DE4\u8840 \xB1 \u4F4E\u704C\u6CE8\u3002"},ms:{id:"ms",zh:"\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84",en:"Mitral Stenosis",HR:88,EDV:84,ESV:34,rvEDV:140,laVol:130,raVol:62,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:7,peakP:120,endSysP:95,minP:4},ao:{sys:118,dia:78},la:{base:22,a:7,v:6},sounds:["S1","S2","OS"],soundGain:{S1:1.5},murmur:{kind:"MS",phases:[5,6,0],freq:95,q:5,shape:"rumble"},valveMod:{MV:{open:.42}},calcified:["MV"],venous:{ra:[.2,1],pv:[.6,1]},note:"Thickened/calcified mitral leaflets restrict LA\u2192LV filling. Loud S1, opening snap, diastolic rumble. LVEDP stays LOW while LA pressure soars.",noteZh:"\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u53F6\u589E\u539A\u9499\u5316\uFF0C\u9650\u5236\u5DE6\u623F\u2192\u5DE6\u5BA4\u5145\u76C8\u3002\u7B2C\u4E00\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S1\uFF09\u4EA2\u8FDB + \u5F00\u74E3\u97F3 + \u8212\u5F20\u671F\u9686\u9686\u6837\u6742\u97F3\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1ALA \u538B\u9AD8\u8FBE 18\u201325 mmHg\uFF0C\u4F46 **LV \u8212\u5F20\u672B\u538B\u53CD\u800C\u504F\u4F4E**\u2014\u2014\u6897\u963B\u5728\u74E3\u53E3\u4E0A\u6E38\u3002"},mr:{id:"mr",zh:"\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168",en:"Mitral Regurgitation",HR:80,EDV:185,ESV:75,rvEDV:135,laVol:125,raVol:58,regurgFrac:.4,pv:{edP:14,peakP:110,endSysP:82,minP:8},ao:{sys:108,dia:72},la:{base:14,a:4,v:30},sounds:["S1","S2"],soundGain:{S1:.6},murmur:{kind:"MR",phases:[1,2,3],freq:220,q:1.2,shape:"holo"},valveMod:{MV:{leak:.14}},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[.2,1],pv:[.5,1]},note:"MV fails to close \u2014 systolic backflow into LA. Total SV is large but 40% is regurgitant; forward CO is what counts.",noteZh:"\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u8840\u6DB2\u7ECF\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u7684\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u53CD\u6D41\u56DE\u5DE6\u623F\uFF0C\u53CD\u6D41\u5206\u6570 ~40%\u3002\u603B SV \u770B\u4F3C\u5F88\u5927\uFF0C\u4F46\u53EA\u6709\u524D\u5411\u90E8\u5206\u7B97\u6570\uFF1BLA \u51FA\u73B0\u5DE8\u5927 v \u6CE2\uFF0C\u957F\u671F\u81F4 LA \u6269\u5927\u4E0E\u80BA\u6DE4\u8840\u3002"},as:{id:"as",zh:"\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84",en:"Aortic Stenosis",HR:75,EDV:92,ESV:32,rvEDV:130,laVol:66,raVol:55,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:20,peakP:190,endSysP:160,minP:10},ao:{sys:110,dia:75,tardus:!0},la:{base:16,a:10,v:6},sounds:["S1","S2","S4"],soundGain:{S2:.35},murmur:{kind:"AS",phases:[2,3],freq:170,q:1.5,shape:"diamond"},valveMod:{AV:{open:.38}},calcified:["AV"],venous:{ra:[0,1],pv:[.3,1]},note:"Calcified AV obstructs outflow. LV must generate ~190 mmHg against ~110 mmHg aortic \u2014 a 70\u201380 mmHg gradient. Concentric hypertrophy \u2192 small stiff cavity, S4, soft A2.",noteZh:"\u9499\u5316\u7684\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u963B\u585E\u6D41\u51FA\u9053\uFF0C\u5DE6\u5BA4\u9700\u5347\u81F3 ~190 mmHg \u624D\u80FD\u63A8\u5F00\uFF0C\u8DE8\u74E3\u538B\u5DEE 70\u201380 mmHg\u3002\u5411\u5FC3\u6027\u80A5\u539A \u2192 \u8154\u5C0F\u58C1\u539A\u3001\u987A\u5E94\u6027\u4E0B\u964D\uFF08S4\uFF09\uFF1B\u74E3\u53F6\u50F5\u786C \u2192 A2 \u51CF\u5F31\u3002\u4E09\u8054\u5F81\uFF1A\u6655\u53A5/\u5FC3\u7EDE\u75DB/\u547C\u5438\u56F0\u96BE\u3002"},ar:{id:"ar",zh:"\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168",en:"Aortic Regurgitation",HR:85,EDV:180,ESV:70,rvEDV:130,laVol:62,raVol:55,regurgFrac:.55,pv:{edP:24,peakP:140,endSysP:112,minP:12},ao:{sys:135,dia:50},la:{base:20,a:6,v:7},sounds:["S1","S2"],soundGain:{},murmur:{kind:"AR",phases:[4,5,6],freq:320,q:1.5,shape:"decrescendo"},valveMod:{AV:{leak:.1}},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[0,1],pv:[.4,1]},note:"AV cannot close \u2014 diastolic backflow into LV \u2192 volume overload, eccentric hypertrophy, wide pulse pressure.",noteZh:"\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u8840\u7ECF\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u7684\u74E3\u819C\u53CD\u6D41\u5165\u5DE6\u5BA4 \u2192 \u5BB9\u91CF\u8D1F\u8377\u3001\u79BB\u5FC3\u6027\u80A5\u539A\uFF0C\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u8212\u5F20\u538B\u9AA4\u964D\u3001\u8109\u538B\u589E\u5BBD\u3002S2 \u540E\u9012\u51CF\u53F9\u6C14\u6837\u6742\u97F3\uFF1B\u5916\u5468\u53EF\u89C1\u6C34\u51B2\u8109\u3001Quincke \u5F81\u3001Traube \u5F81\u3002"},hfpef:{id:"hfpef",zh:"\u9AD8\u8840\u538B\u5FC3\u810F\u75C5",en:"Hypertensive / HFpEF",HR:80,EDV:105,ESV:40,rvEDV:125,laVol:85,raVol:58,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:22,peakP:185,endSysP:150,minP:10},ao:{sys:180,dia:100},la:{base:20,a:10,v:9},sounds:["S1","S2","S4"],soundGain:{S2:1.2},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[.3,1],pv:[.5,1]},kickFrac:.35,audio:"hfpef",note:"Long-standing hypertension: concentric LVH, stiff ventricle. EF preserved (~62%) but LVEDP ~22 mmHg \u2192 dyspnoea; S4 (atrial kick into a stiff wall), loud A2. Heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF).",noteZh:"\u957F\u671F\u9AD8\u8840\u538B \u2192 \u5411\u5FC3\u6027\u80A5\u539A\u3001\u5FC3\u5BA4\u50F5\u786C\u3002\u5C04\u8840\u5206\u6570\uFF08EF\uFF09\u4FDD\u7559 ~62%\uFF0C\u4F46\u5DE6\u5BA4\u8212\u5F20\u672B\u538B ~22 mmHg \u2192 \u6C14\u4FC3\uFF1BS4\uFF08\u5FC3\u623F\u628A\u8840\u6324\u8FDB\u50F5\u786C\u7684\u5FC3\u5BA4\uFF09\u3001A2 \u4EA2\u8FDB\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1A\u4E0E\u5FC3\u8870\u5931\u4EE3\u507F\uFF08HFrEF\uFF09\u5BF9\u7167 \u2014\u2014 \u90A3\u8FB9 EF \u4F4E\u3001\u5FC3\u5BA4\u6269\u5F20\uFF1B\u8FD9\u8FB9 EF \u6B63\u5E38\u3001\u5FC3\u5BA4\u5C0F\u800C\u786C\uFF0C**\u8212\u5F20\u529F\u80FD\u4E0D\u5168\u4E5F\u662F\u5FC3\u8870**\uFF08HFpEF\uFF09\u3002"},mi:{id:"mi",zh:"\u6025\u6027\u5FC3\u808C\u6897\u6B7B",en:"Acute MI (inferior)",HR:72,EDV:150,ESV:95,rvEDV:135,laVol:70,raVol:58,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:20,peakP:108,endSysP:85,minP:9},ao:{sys:105,dia:70},la:{base:18,a:7,v:9},sounds:["S1","S2","S4"],soundGain:{S1:.7},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[.3,1],pv:[.5,1]},myoDark:!0,audio:"hfpef",note:"Acute inferior STEMI: the ischaemic wall stops contracting (shown here as globally reduced contractility, EF ~37%), LVEDP rises to ~20 mmHg, S4, soft S1. Lead II shows ST elevation and a pathological Q wave. Rate kept regular at 72 (inferior MI often slows the sinus node).",noteZh:"\u6025\u6027\u4E0B\u58C1 ST \u6BB5\u62AC\u9AD8\u578B\u5FC3\u6897\uFF1A\u7F3A\u8840\u7684\u5BA4\u58C1\u4E0D\u6536\u7F29\uFF08\u8FD9\u91CC\u7528\u6574\u4F53\u6536\u7F29\u529B\u4E0B\u964D\u8868\u793A\uFF0CEF ~37%\uFF09\uFF0C\u5DE6\u5BA4\u8212\u5F20\u672B\u538B\u5347\u5230 ~20 mmHg\uFF0CS4\u3001S1 \u51CF\u5F31\u3002\u5BFC\u8054 II \u89C1 ST \u62AC\u9AD8\u4E0E\u75C5\u7406\u6027 Q \u6CE2\uFF1B\u5FC3\u7387\u6309\u89C4\u5219\u7AA6\u5F8B 72\uFF08\u4E0B\u58C1\u5FC3\u6897\u5E38\u4F34\u7AA6\u7F13\uFF09\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1A**\u65B0\u51FA\u73B0\u7684\u6742\u97F3 = \u673A\u68B0\u5E76\u53D1\u75C7**\uFF08\u4E73\u5934\u808C\u65AD\u88C2\u3001\u5BA4\u95F4\u9694\u7A7F\u5B54\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u5916\u79D1\u6025\u75C7\u3002"},exercise:{id:"exercise",zh:"\u8FD0\u52A8",en:"Exercise",group:"physio",HR:150,EDV:140,ESV:40,rvEDV:145,laVol:55,raVol:55,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:10,peakP:165,endSysP:110,minP:4},ao:{sys:160,dia:72},la:{base:9,a:6,v:8},sounds:["S1","S2"],soundGain:{S1:1.2,S2:1.1},murmur:{kind:"FLOW",phases:[2,3],freq:200,q:1.5,shape:"diamond"},valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[0,1],pv:[0,1]},audio:"normal",note:"Moderate exercise: sympathetic drive + venous return \u2192 HR 150, SV ~100 mL (EDV up a little, ESV down a lot), CO ~15 L/min. Systolic pressure rises, diastolic stays flat (muscle vasodilation). Diastole is squeezed first; a soft functional ejection murmur at the base.",noteZh:"\u4E2D\u7B49\u5F3A\u5EA6\u8FD0\u52A8\uFF1A\u4EA4\u611F\u5174\u594B + \u9759\u8109\u56DE\u6D41\u589E\u52A0 \u2192 \u5FC3\u7387 150\u3001\u6BCF\u640F\u91CF\uFF08SV\uFF09~100 mL\uFF08\u8212\u5F20\u672B\u5BB9\u79EF\u7565\u589E\u3001\u6536\u7F29\u672B\u5BB9\u79EF\u5927\u51CF\uFF09\uFF0C\u5FC3\u8F93\u51FA\u91CF\uFF08CO\uFF09~15 L/min\u3002\u6536\u7F29\u538B\u5347\u9AD8\u3001\u8212\u5F20\u538B\u4E0D\u53D8\uFF08\u9AA8\u9ABC\u808C\u8840\u7BA1\u6269\u5F20\uFF09\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1A\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5148\u88AB\u538B\u7F29\uFF08\u51CF\u6162\u5145\u76C8\u671F\u51E0\u4E4E\u6D88\u5931\uFF09\uFF1B\u5FC3\u5E95\u53EF\u6709\u529F\u80FD\u6027\uFF08\u751F\u7406\u6027\uFF09\u55B7\u5C04\u6027\u6742\u97F3\u3002"},shock:{id:"shock",zh:"\u5931\u8840\u6027\u4F11\u514B",en:"Haemorrhagic shock",group:"physio",HR:120,EDV:85,ESV:45,rvEDV:115,laVol:48,raVol:48,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:3,peakP:88,endSysP:72,minP:1},ao:{sys:85,dia:60},la:{base:3,a:2,v:3},sounds:["S1","S2"],soundGain:{S1:.6,S2:.6},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[0,.55],pv:[0,.6]},audio:"normal",audioGain:.55,note:"Compensated haemorrhagic shock (~30% blood loss): venous return falls \u2192 EDV 85, SV 40; baroreflex \u2192 HR 120, vasoconstriction keeps the diastolic pressure up \u2192 narrow pulse pressure (85/60). CO ~4.8 L/min, soft heart sounds.",noteZh:'\u5931\u8840\u6027\u4F11\u514B\u4EE3\u507F\u671F\uFF08\u5931\u8840\u7EA6 30%\uFF09\uFF1A\u9759\u8109\u56DE\u6D41\u51CF\u5C11 \u2192 \u8212\u5F20\u672B\u5BB9\u79EF 85\u3001\u6BCF\u640F\u91CF 40\uFF1B\u538B\u529B\u611F\u53D7\u5668\u53CD\u5C04 \u2192 \u5FC3\u7387 120\uFF0C\u5916\u5468\u8840\u7BA1\u6536\u7F29\u6491\u4F4F\u8212\u5F20\u538B \u2192 \u8109\u538B\u53D8\u7A84\uFF0885/60\uFF09\u3002\u5FC3\u8F93\u51FA\u91CF ~4.8 L/min\uFF0C\u5FC3\u97F3\u51CF\u5F31\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1A\u6536\u7F29\u538B\u8FD8"\u6B63\u5E38"\u65F6\u4F11\u514B\u5DF2\u7ECF\u5F00\u59CB\uFF1B\u518D\u5931\u8840\u5219 EDV \u7EE7\u7EED\u6389\u3001\u5FC3\u7387\u518D\u5FEB\u4E5F\u8865\u4E0D\u56DE\u6765\uFF08\u5931\u4EE3\u507F\uFF09\u3002'},athlete:{id:"athlete",zh:"\u8FD0\u52A8\u5458\u5FC3\u810F",en:"Athlete's heart",group:"physio",HR:48,EDV:160,ESV:58,rvEDV:155,laVol:65,raVol:65,regurgFrac:0,pv:{edP:9,peakP:120,endSysP:92,minP:4},ao:{sys:118,dia:72},la:{base:8,a:5,v:7},sounds:["S1","S2","S3"],soundGain:{},murmur:null,valveMod:{},calcified:[],venous:{ra:[0,1],pv:[0,1]},audio:"hf",note:"Athlete's heart at rest: high vagal tone \u2192 HR 48; eccentric remodelling \u2192 EDV 160, SV ~100 mL, CO normal (~5 L/min). Physiological S3; the ECG shows sinus bradycardia, tall voltages and early repolarisation. Not a disease.",noteZh:"\u8FD0\u52A8\u5458\u5FC3\u810F\uFF08\u9759\u606F\uFF09\uFF1A\u8FF7\u8D70\u5F20\u529B\u9AD8 \u2192 \u5FC3\u7387 48\uFF1B\u79BB\u5FC3\u6027\u91CD\u5851 \u2192 \u8212\u5F20\u672B\u5BB9\u79EF 160\u3001\u6BCF\u640F\u91CF ~100 mL\uFF0C\u5FC3\u8F93\u51FA\u91CF\u6B63\u5E38\uFF08~5 L/min\uFF09\u3002\u751F\u7406\u6027 S3\uFF1B\u5FC3\u7535\u56FE\u89C1\u7AA6\u6027\u5FC3\u52A8\u8FC7\u7F13\u3001\u9AD8\u7535\u538B\u3001\u65E9\u671F\u590D\u6781\u3002\u6559\u5B66\u8981\u70B9\uFF1A\u4E0E\u5FC3\u8870\u6269\u5F20\u7684\u533A\u522B \u2014\u2014 \u8FD9\u91CC EF \u6B63\u5E38\u3001\u5145\u76C8\u538B\u6B63\u5E38\u3001\u8FD0\u52A8\u65F6\u50A8\u5907\u5DE8\u5927\u3002"}},STATE_GROUPS={base:["\u6B63\u5E38 \xB7 \u74E3\u819C \xB7 \u5FC3\u808C","Normal \xB7 valves \xB7 myocardium"],physio:["\u751F\u7406 \xB7 \u5FAA\u73AF","Physiology \xB7 circulation"]};function deriveStateMetrics(n){const e=n.EDV-n.ESV,t=Math.round(e/n.EDV*100),a=e*(1-(n.regurgFrac||0)),i=Math.round(a*n.HR/10)/100,r=(l,o)=>Math.cbrt(l/o);return{SV:e,EF:t,CO:i,forwardSV:Math.round(a),regurgSV:Math.round(e-a),chamberMod:{LV:r(n.EDV,VOL_REF.LV),RV:r(n.rvEDV,VOL_REF.RV),LA:r(n.laVol,VOL_REF.LA),RA:r(n.raVol,VOL_REF.RA)}}}for(const n of Object.values(STATES))Object.assign(n,deriveStateMetrics(n));function setHeartRate(n){const e=phaseBoundsForHR(n);for(let t=0;t<e.length;t++)PHASE_BOUNDS[t]=e[t];for(let t=0;t<7;t++)PHASES[t].pct=Math.round((e[t+1]-e[t])*1e3)/10}function getPhaseIndex(n){for(let e=0;e<7;e++)if(n>=PHASE_BOUNDS[e]&&n<PHASE_BOUNDS[e+1])return e;return 6}function getPhaseLocal(n){const e=getPhaseIndex(n),t=PHASE_BOUNDS[e+1]-PHASE_BOUNDS[e];return(n-PHASE_BOUNDS[e])/t}function cosEase(n){return .5-.5*Math.cos(Math.PI*Math.max(0,Math.min(1,n)))}function atrialKickFraction(n){return n&&n.kickFrac!=null?n.kickFrac:.25}const RAPID_FILL_FRAC=.85;function ejectionFraction(n){const e=Math.max(0,Math.min(1,(n-PHASE_BOUNDS[2])/(PHASE_BOUNDS[4]-PHASE_BOUNDS[2])));return e*e*(6-8*e+3*e*e)}function ventricleContractionAt(n,e){const t=getPhaseIndex(n),a=getPhaseLocal(n),i=atrialKickFraction(e),r=1-RAPID_FILL_FRAC*(1-i);return t===0?i*(1-cosEase(a)):t===1?0:t===2||t===3?ejectionFraction(n):t===4?1:t===5?1-cosEase(a)*(1-r):r-(r-i)*a}const ATRIAL_CONTRACT_GAIN=2;function atrialContractionAt(n){const e=getPhaseIndex(n),t=getPhaseLocal(n);return e===0?-cosEase(t)*ATRIAL_CONTRACT_GAIN:e===1?(-1+cosEase(t)*.4)*(1+(ATRIAL_CONTRACT_GAIN-1)*(1-cosEase(t))):e===2?-.6+cosEase(t)*.9:e===3?.3+cosEase(t)*.7:e===4?1:e===5?1-cosEase(t):0}const AMP_MAX=1.27;function contractionAmplitude(n){if(n&&n.amp3d!=null)return n.amp3d;const e=STATES.normal.EF;return Math.max(.15,Math.min(AMP_MAX,(n.EF||e)/e))}function valveOpenAt(n,e,t){const a=getPhaseIndex(n),i=getPhaseLocal(n),r=["MV","TV"].includes(t),l=["AV","PV"].includes(t),o=d=>r?d===0||d===5||d===6:d===2||d===3,s=o(a);let c=s?1:0;const u=o((a+6)%7),p=o((a+1)%7);s&&!u&&i<.25&&(c=cosEase(i/.25)),s&&!p&&i>.75&&(c=cosEase((1-i)/.25));const h=e.valveMod&&e.valveMod[t];return h&&(h.open!=null&&(c*=h.open),h.leak!=null&&(c=Math.max(c,h.leak))),c}const ANATOMY={LV:{zh:"\u5DE6\u5FC3\u5BA4",en:"Left Ventricle (LV)",loc:"\u4F4D\u4E8E\u5FC3\u810F\u5DE6\u4E0B,\u58C1\u6700\u539A(\u7EA6\u53F3\u5BA4 3 \u500D),\u5706\u9525\u5F62\u3002",locEn:"Lower left of the heart; the thickest wall (about 3\xD7 the RV); conical.",fn:"\u9AD8\u538B\u529B\u6CF5 \u2014 \u6536\u7F29\u671F\u628A\u542B\u6C27\u8840\u5C04\u5165\u5347\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109,\u4F9B\u5E94\u5168\u8EAB\u3002",fnEn:"High-pressure pump \u2014 ejects oxygenated blood into the ascending aorta during systole.",clin:"\u5C04\u8840\u5206\u6570\uFF08EF\uFF09 < 40% \u5373\u5C04\u8840\u5206\u6570\u4E0B\u964D\u578B\u5FC3\u8870;\u5FC3\u6897\u6700\u5E38\u7D2F\u53CA\u5DE6\u5BA4\u524D\u58C1(\u524D\u964D\u652F)\u3002",clinEn:"EF < 40% defines heart failure with reduced EF; MI most often involves the anterior wall (LAD territory).",cycle:"\u7B2C 1 \u65F6\u76F8\u63A5\u53D7\u5FC3\u623F\u6324\u5165\u7684\u672B\u6BB5\u8840\u6DB2 \u2192 \u7B2C 2 \u65F6\u76F8\u7B49\u5BB9\u6536\u7F29 \u2192 \u7B2C 3-4 \u65F6\u76F8\u5C04\u8840 \u2192 \u7B2C 5 \u65F6\u76F8\u7B49\u5BB9\u8212\u5F20 \u2192 \u7B2C 6-7 \u65F6\u76F8\u518D\u6B21\u5145\u76C8\u3002",cycleEn:"Phase 1: receives the atrial kick \u2192 phase 2: isovolumic contraction \u2192 phases 3\u20134: ejection \u2192 phase 5: isovolumic relaxation \u2192 phases 6\u20137: refilling."},RV:{zh:"\u53F3\u5FC3\u5BA4",en:"Right Ventricle (RV)",loc:"\u65B0\u6708\u5F62\u5305\u7ED5\u5DE6\u5BA4,\u58C1\u539A\u7EA6\u4E3A\u5DE6\u5BA4\u7684 1/3,\u5185\u8868\u9762\u5E03\u6EE1\u8089\u67F1\u4E0E\u8C03\u8282\u675F\u3002",locEn:"Crescent wrapped around the LV; wall about one-third as thick; trabeculated, with the moderator band.",fn:"\u4F4E\u538B\u529B\u6CF5 \u2014 \u628A\u7F3A\u6C27\u8840\u5C04\u5165\u80BA\u5FAA\u73AF\u3002",fnEn:"Low-pressure pump \u2014 ejects deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary circulation.",clin:"\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u9AD8\u538B\u3001\u53F3\u5BA4\u6897\u6B7B(\u53F3\u51A0\u8FD1\u6BB5)\u3001\u81F4\u5FC3\u5F8B\u5931\u5E38\u6027\u53F3\u5BA4\u5FC3\u808C\u75C5\u3002",clinEn:"Pulmonary hypertension, RV infarction (proximal RCA), arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy.",cycle:"\u4E0E\u5DE6\u5BA4\u540C\u6B65\u6536\u7F29,\u4F46\u5CF0\u538B\u4EC5\u7EA6 25 mmHg\u3002",cycleEn:"Contracts together with the LV, but peaks at only about 25 mmHg."},LA:{zh:"\u5DE6\u5FC3\u623F",en:"Left Atrium (LA)",loc:"\u80CC\u4FA7,\u63A5\u6536 4 \u6761\u80BA\u9759\u8109,\u5DE6\u5FC3\u8033\u94A9\u72B6\u7A81\u8D77\u3002",locEn:"Posterior; receives the four pulmonary veins; hook-shaped left atrial appendage.",fn:"\u88AB\u52A8 + \u4E3B\u52A8\u5145\u76C8\u5DE6\u5BA4;\u5FC3\u623F\u6536\u7F29\u8D21\u732E\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5145\u76C8\u91CF\u7684 ~20\u201325%\u3002",fnEn:"Passive and active LV filling; atrial contraction supplies about 20\u201325% of diastolic filling.",clin:"\u5DE6\u623F\u589E\u5927\u4E0E\u623F\u98A4\u3001\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u75C5\u3001\u5C04\u8840\u5206\u6570\u4FDD\u7559\u7684\u5FC3\u8870\uFF08HFpEF\uFF09\u5F3A\u76F8\u5173;\u5DE6\u5FC3\u8033\u662F\u623F\u98A4\u8840\u6813\u5E38\u89C1\u6765\u6E90\u3002",clinEn:"LA enlargement goes with AF, mitral disease and HFpEF; the appendage is the usual site of AF thrombus.",cycle:"\u7B2C 1 \u65F6\u76F8\u4E3B\u52A8\u6536\u7F29(a \u6CE2);\u7B2C 2-5 \u65F6\u76F8\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u5173\u95ED,\u63A5\u6536\u80BA\u9759\u8109\u56DE\u8840,\u538B\u529B\u5347\u6210 v \u6CE2;\u7B2C 6-7 \u65F6\u76F8\u628A\u8840\u6392\u5165\u5DE6\u5BA4\u3002",cycleEn:"Phase 1: active contraction (a wave); phases 2\u20135: mitral valve shut, fills from the pulmonary veins (v wave); phases 6\u20137: empties into the LV."},RA:{zh:"\u53F3\u5FC3\u623F",en:"Right Atrium (RA)",loc:"\u53F3\u4E0A,\u63A5\u6536\u4E0A\u8154\u9759\u8109 / \u4E0B\u8154\u9759\u8109 / \u51A0\u72B6\u9759\u8109\u7AA6\u56DE\u8840;\u7AA6\u623F\u7ED3\u4F4D\u4E8E\u6B64\u3002",locEn:"Upper right; receives the SVC, IVC and coronary sinus; houses the sinoatrial node.",fn:"\u88AB\u52A8 + \u4E3B\u52A8\u5145\u76C8\u53F3\u5BA4\u3002",fnEn:"Passive and active RV filling.",clin:"\u9888\u9759\u8109\u6012\u5F20\u3001a \u6CE2\u3001v \u6CE2\u662F\u53F3\u623F\u538B\u529B\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u4F53\u5F81\u3002",clinEn:"Jugular venous distension and the a and v waves directly reflect RA pressure.",cycle:"\u4E0E\u5DE6\u623F\u540C\u6B65,\u4F46\u5145\u76C8\u6765\u6E90\u662F\u4F53\u5FAA\u73AF\u9759\u8109\u3002",cycleEn:"Moves in step with the LA, but fills from the systemic veins."},MV:{zh:"\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3",en:"Mitral Valve (MV)",loc:"\u5DE6\u623F-\u5DE6\u5BA4\u4E4B\u95F4,\u524D\u540E\u4E24\u53F6,\u8171\u7D22\u8FDE\u5230\u5DE6\u5BA4\u524D\u5916\u3001\u540E\u5185\u4E24\u7EC4\u4E73\u5934\u808C\u3002",locEn:"Between LA and LV; anterior and posterior leaflets, tethered by chordae to the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles.",fn:"\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5F00\u653E\u5DE6\u623F\u2192\u5DE6\u5BA4;\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u7D27\u95ED\u9632\u6B62\u53CD\u6D41\u3002",fnEn:"Opens in diastole (LA \u2192 LV); closes in systole to prevent regurgitation.",clin:"\u98CE\u6E7F\u75C5\u6700\u5E38\u7D2F\u53CA;\u8131\u5782\u53EF\u5728\u5FC3\u5C16\u533A\u95FB\u53CA\u6536\u7F29\u4E2D\u671F\u5580\u5587\u97F3\u3002",clinEn:"Most often damaged by rheumatic disease; prolapse gives a mid-systolic click at the apex.",cycle:"\u7B2C 1\u30016\u30017 \u65F6\u76F8\u5F00\u653E;\u7B2C 2-5 \u65F6\u76F8\u5173\u95ED\u3002\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84\u65F6\u589E\u539A\u3001\u5F00\u653E\u53D7\u9650;\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u65F6\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u5408\u4E0D\u62E2\u3002",cycleEn:"Open in phases 1, 6 and 7; closed in phases 2\u20135. Thickened and restricted in MS; fails to close in systole in MR."},AV:{zh:"\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3",en:"Aortic Valve (AV)",loc:"\u5DE6\u5BA4\u51FA\u53E3,3 \u534A\u6708\u74E3(\u5DE6\u51A0\u74E3 / \u53F3\u51A0\u74E3 / \u65E0\u51A0\u74E3)\u3002",locEn:"LV outlet; three semilunar cusps (left coronary, right coronary, non-coronary).",fn:"\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u5F00\u653E\u6392\u5165\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109;\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5173\u95ED\u9632\u53CD\u6D41\u3002",fnEn:"Opens in systole into the aorta; closes in diastole to prevent backflow.",clin:"\u9000\u884C\u6027\u9499\u5316\u6027\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84\u662F\u8001\u5E74\u4EBA\u6700\u5E38\u89C1\u74E3\u819C\u75C5;\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u89C1\u4E8E\u98CE\u6E7F\u3001\u611F\u67D3\u6027\u5FC3\u5185\u819C\u708E\u3001\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u5939\u5C42\u3002",clinEn:"Degenerative calcific stenosis is the commonest valve disease in the elderly; regurgitation follows rheumatic disease, endocarditis or aortic dissection.",cycle:"\u7B2C 3-4 \u65F6\u76F8\u5F00\u653E;\u7B2C 4 \u65F6\u76F8\u672B\u5173\u95ED,\u4EA7\u751F\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5FC3\u97F3\uFF08S2\uFF09\u7684\u4E3B\u6210\u5206\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u97F3\uFF08A2\uFF09\u3002\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u65F6\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u7559\u6709\u4E2D\u5FC3\u7F1D\u9699\u3002",cycleEn:"Open in phases 3\u20134; closes at the end of phase 4, producing A2 (the main component of S2). In AR a central gap remains in diastole."},TV:{zh:"\u4E09\u5C16\u74E3",en:"Tricuspid Valve (TV)",loc:"\u53F3\u623F-\u53F3\u5BA4\u4E4B\u95F4,3 \u74E3\u53F6(\u524D / \u540E / \u9694)\u3002",locEn:"Between RA and RV; three leaflets (anterior, posterior, septal).",fn:"\u540C\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3,\u4F46\u5728\u53F3\u5FC3\u3002",fnEn:"Same role as the mitral valve, in the right heart.",clin:"\u53F3\u5FC3\u8870\u65F6\u5E38\u89C1\u529F\u80FD\u6027\u53CD\u6D41(\u5439\u98CE\u6837\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u6742\u97F3,\u80F8\u9AA8\u5DE6\u4E0B\u7F18)\u3002",clinEn:"Functional regurgitation is common in right heart failure (blowing systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border).",cycle:"\u4E0E\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u540C\u6B65\u5F00\u95ED\u3002",cycleEn:"Opens and closes together with the mitral valve."},PV:{zh:"\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u74E3",en:"Pulmonary Valve (PV)",loc:"\u53F3\u5BA4\u51FA\u53E3,3 \u534A\u6708\u74E3\u3002",locEn:"RV outlet; three semilunar cusps.",fn:"\u540C\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3,\u4F46\u5728\u53F3\u5FC3\u3002",fnEn:"Same role as the aortic valve, in the right heart.",clin:"\u5148\u5929\u6027\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84;\u6CD5\u6D1B\u56DB\u8054\u75C7\u7684\u53F3\u5BA4\u6D41\u51FA\u9053\u6897\u963B\u5E38\u7D2F\u53CA\u6B64\u74E3\u3002",clinEn:"Congenital pulmonary stenosis; the RV outflow obstruction of tetralogy of Fallot often involves this valve.",cycle:"\u4E0E\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u540C\u6B65,\u5173\u95ED\u65F6\u4EA7\u751F\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u97F3\uFF08P2\uFF09(\u7B2C\u4E8C\u5FC3\u97F3 S2 \u7684\u7B2C\u4E8C\u6210\u5206,\u6DF1\u5438\u6C14\u65F6\u5206\u88C2)\u3002",cycleEn:"Moves with the aortic valve; its closure is P2, the second component of S2, which splits on deep inspiration."},AORTA:{zh:"\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109",en:"Aorta",loc:"\u5DE6\u5BA4\u51FA\u53E3\u5411\u4E0A\u4E3A\u5347\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109,\u5411\u5DE6\u540E\u5F2F\u6210\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u5F13,\u5F13\u4E0A\u53D1\u51FA\u4E09\u5927\u5206\u652F(\u5934\u81C2\u5E72 / \u5DE6\u9888\u603B / \u5DE6\u9501\u9AA8\u4E0B,\u6A21\u578B\u53EA\u4FDD\u7559\u8D77\u59CB\u6BB5),\u518D\u6CBF\u810A\u67F1\u5DE6\u524D\u65B9\u4E0B\u884C\u4E3A\u964D\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u3002",locEn:"Rises from the LV as the ascending aorta, arches backwards to the left \u2014 giving off the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries (only their origins are modelled) \u2014 and descends in front of the spine.",fn:"\u4F53\u5FAA\u73AF\u4E3B\u5E72\u9053;\u5F39\u6027\u8D2E\u5668 \u2014\u2014 \u6536\u7F29\u671F\u7BA1\u58C1\u6269\u5F20\u50A8\u5B58\u90E8\u5206\u5C04\u8840,\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u56DE\u5F39\u7EF4\u6301\u8840\u6D41;\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u5F13\u538B\u529B\u611F\u53D7\u5668\u8C03\u8282\u8840\u538B\u3002",fnEn:"Main systemic conduit and an elastic reservoir: the wall distends in systole to store part of the stroke volume and recoils in diastole to keep blood flowing; arch baroreceptors regulate blood pressure.",clin:"\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u5939\u5C42\u3001\u52A8\u8109\u7CA5\u6837\u786C\u5316\u3001\u7624\u6837\u6269\u5F20;\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u65F6\u8109\u538B\u589E\u5927\u3001\u640F\u52A8\u660E\u663E(\u6C34\u51B2\u8109)\u3002",clinEn:"Dissection, atherosclerosis, aneurysm; in aortic regurgitation the wide pulse pressure gives a bounding (water-hammer) pulse.",cycle:"\u7B2C 3 \u65F6\u76F8\u538B\u529B\u8FBE\u5CF0 ~120 mmHg\u3001\u7BA1\u58C1\u6269\u5F20;\u7B2C 5 \u65F6\u76F8\u8D77\u70B9\u7684\u964D\u4E2D\u5CE1 = \u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u74E3\u5173\u95ED;\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u538B\u529B\u7F13\u964D\u3001\u7BA1\u58C1\u56DE\u5F39\u3002",cycleEn:"Pressure peaks at about 120 mmHg in phase 3 and the wall distends; the dicrotic notch at the start of phase 5 marks aortic valve closure; pressure falls and the wall recoils through diastole."},PA:{zh:"\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u5E72",en:"Pulmonary Trunk",loc:"\u53F3\u5BA4\u51FA\u53E3,Y \u578B\u5206\u4E3A\u5DE6\u53F3\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u3002",locEn:"RV outlet; divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries.",fn:"\u628A\u7F3A\u6C27\u8840\u9001\u81F3\u80BA\u8FDB\u884C\u6C14\u4F53\u4EA4\u6362\u3002",fnEn:"Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.",clin:'\u80BA\u6813\u585E\u3001\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u9AD8\u538B;\u80BA\u52A8\u8109\u7CFB\u7EDF\u662F\u53F3\u5FC3\u7684"\u540E\u8D1F\u8377"\u3002',clinEn:"Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension; the pulmonary arteries are the afterload of the right heart.",cycle:"\u4E0E\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u540C\u6B65\u640F\u52A8,\u4F46\u5CF0\u538B\u4EC5 ~25 mmHg\u3002",cycleEn:"Pulsates together with the aorta, but peaks at only about 25 mmHg."},SVC:{zh:"\u4E0A\u8154\u9759\u8109",en:"Superior Vena Cava",loc:"\u56DE\u6D41\u5934\u9888\u3001\u4E0A\u80A2\u3001\u4E0A\u8EAF\u5E72\u9759\u8109\u8840\u81F3\u53F3\u623F\u3002",locEn:"Drains the head, neck, upper limbs and upper trunk into the RA.",fn:"\u4F53\u5FAA\u73AF\u9759\u8109\u56DE\u6D41\u7684\u4E0A\u534A\u90E8\u5206\u3002",fnEn:"Upper half of the systemic venous return.",clin:"\u4E0A\u8154\u9759\u8109\u7EFC\u5408\u5F81(\u80BA\u764C\u538B\u8FEB);\u4E2D\u5FC3\u9759\u8109\u7F6E\u7BA1\u9996\u9009\u3002",clinEn:"SVC syndrome (e.g. compression by lung cancer); the usual route for central venous catheters.",cycle:"\u56DE\u6D41\u5206\u4E24\u4E2A\u9AD8\u5CF0:\u5FC3\u5BA4\u6536\u7F29\u671F(x \u964D\u652F,\u4E09\u5C16\u74E3\u73AF\u4E0B\u79FB\u628A\u53F3\u623F\u62BD\u7A7A)\u4E0E\u8212\u5F20\u65E9\u671F(y \u964D\u652F);\u5FC3\u623F\u6536\u7F29\u65F6\u77ED\u6682\u9006\u6D41,\u7BA1\u58C1\u968F a\u3001v \u6CE2\u8212\u7F29(\u9888\u9759\u8109\u640F\u52A8\u7684\u6765\u6E90)\u3002",cycleEn:"Inflow peaks twice: in ventricular systole (x descent, the tricuspid ring pulls the RA floor down) and in early diastole (y descent); brief reversal at atrial contraction, with the wall swelling on the a and v waves (the source of the jugular pulse)."},IVC:{zh:"\u4E0B\u8154\u9759\u8109",en:"Inferior Vena Cava",loc:"\u56DE\u6D41\u4E0B\u80A2\u3001\u8179\u76C6\u9759\u8109\u8840\u81F3\u53F3\u623F\u3002",locEn:"Drains the lower limbs, abdomen and pelvis into the RA.",fn:"\u4F53\u5FAA\u73AF\u9759\u8109\u56DE\u6D41\u7684\u4E0B\u534A\u90E8\u5206\u3002",fnEn:"Lower half of the systemic venous return.",clin:"\u4E0B\u8154\u9759\u8109\u6EE4\u5668\u3001\u5E03\u52A0\u7EFC\u5408\u5F81\u3002",clinEn:"IVC filters; Budd\u2013Chiari syndrome.",cycle:"\u56DE\u6D41\u4E0E\u4E0A\u8154\u9759\u8109\u540C\u76F8;\u7BA1\u5F84\u6BCF\u640F\u968F\u53F3\u623F\u538B a\u3001v \u6CE2\u53D8\u5316\u7EA6 20%,\u547C\u5438\u5F71\u54CD\u66F4\u5927 \u2014\u2014 \u8D85\u58F0\u6309\u5438\u6C14\u584C\u9677\u7387\u8BC4\u4F30\u5BB9\u91CF\u72B6\u6001,\u5FC3\u8870\u65F6\u6269\u5F20(> 2.1 cm)\u4E14\u584C\u9677 < 50%\u3002",cycleEn:"Flows in step with the SVC; its calibre changes ~20% per beat with the RA a and v waves and even more with breathing \u2014 ultrasound grades volume status by inspiratory collapse, and in heart failure it is dilated (> 2.1 cm) with < 50% collapse."},PAPILLARY:{zh:"\u4E73\u5934\u808C + \u8171\u7D22",en:"Papillary Muscles & Chordae",loc:"\u5DE6\u5BA4\u5185\u524D\u5916\u3001\u540E\u5185\u4E24\u7EC4\u4E73\u5934\u808C,\u8171\u7D22\u81EA\u5176\u5C16\u7AEF\u5448\u6247\u5F62\u8FDE\u81F3\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u524D\u540E\u53F6;\u53F3\u5BA4\u6709\u524D\u3001\u540E\u3001\u9694\u4FA7\u4E09\u7EC4\u3002",locEn:"In the LV, anterolateral and posteromedial muscles fan their chordae out to both mitral leaflets; the RV has anterior, posterior and septal groups.",fn:"\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u540C\u6B65\u6536\u7F29,\u8171\u7D22\u50CF\u964D\u843D\u4F1E\u7684\u4F1E\u7EF3\u628A\u74E3\u53F6\u62F4\u5728\u623F\u5BA4\u53E3\u5E73\u9762,\u53EA\u80FD\u5408\u62E2\u3001\u4E0D\u80FD\u7FFB\u5165\u5FC3\u623F\u3002",fnEn:"They contract in systole; like parachute lines the chordae hold the leaflets at the valve plane so they close without prolapsing into the atrium.",clin:"\u6025\u6027\u5FC3\u6897\u540E\u4E73\u5934\u808C\u65AD\u88C2 \u2192 \u6025\u6027\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168\u3001\u5FC3\u6E90\u6027\u4F11\u514B;\u8171\u7D22\u5EF6\u957F\u6216\u65AD\u88C2 \u2192 \u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u8131\u5782 / \u8FDE\u67B7\u53F6\u3002",clinEn:"Papillary rupture after MI \u2192 acute MR and cardiogenic shock; elongated or ruptured chordae \u2192 prolapse or a flail leaflet.",cycle:"\u7B2C 2-4 \u65F6\u76F8\u6536\u7F29(\u7B2C 3 \u65F6\u76F8\u8171\u7D22\u5F20\u529B\u9AA4\u589E,\u9632\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u5173\u95ED\u4E0D\u5168);\u7B2C 5-7 \u65F6\u76F8\u4E0E\u7B2C 1 \u65F6\u76F8\u8212\u5F20\u3002",cycleEn:"Contract in phases 2\u20134 (chordal tension surges in phase 3, preventing MR); relaxed in phases 5\u20137 and 1."},PULM_VEINS:{zh:"\u80BA\u9759\u8109",en:"Pulmonary Veins",loc:"\u5DE6\u53F3\u5404\u4E0A\u4E0B\u4E24\u6761,\u81EA\u80BA\u95E8\u8FDB\u5165\u5DE6\u623F\u540E\u58C1\u3002",locEn:"Two on each side (superior and inferior), entering the posterior wall of the LA.",fn:"\u628A\u80BA\u5185\u6C27\u5408\u540E\u7684\u8840\u6DB2\u9001\u56DE\u5DE6\u623F \u2014\u2014 \u6210\u4EBA\u4F53\u5185\u552F\u4E00\u8FD0\u9001\u52A8\u8109\u8840\u7684\u9759\u8109\u3002",fnEn:"Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the LA \u2014 the only veins in the adult that carry arterial blood.",clin:"\u80BA\u9759\u8109\u5F00\u53E3\u662F\u623F\u98A4\u5F02\u4F4D\u7076\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u6765\u6E90,\u5C04\u9891\u6D88\u878D\u7684\u9694\u79BB\u9776\u70B9\u5373\u5728\u6B64\u3002",clinEn:"Their ostia are the main source of AF triggers and the target of catheter ablation (pulmonary vein isolation).",cycle:"\u56DE\u6D41\u53CC\u76F8:\u5FC3\u5BA4\u6536\u7F29\u671F(S \u6CE2,\u5DE6\u623F\u4F5C\u50A8\u8840\u6C60\u6269\u5F20\u3001\u80BA\u9759\u8109\u53E3\u6700\u7C97)\u4E0E\u8212\u5F20\u65E9\u671F(D \u6CE2);\u5FC3\u623F\u6536\u7F29\u65F6\u77ED\u6682\u9006\u6D41(Ar \u6CE2)\u3001\u53E3\u5F84\u6700\u7EC6\u3002\u5DE6\u623F\u538B\u5347\u9AD8(\u5982\u4E8C\u5C16\u74E3\u72ED\u7A84)\u65F6 S \u6CE2\u51CF\u5F31\u3001\u56DE\u6D41\u53D7\u963B \u2192 \u80BA\u6DE4\u8840\u3002",cycleEn:"Biphasic inflow: an S wave in ventricular systole (the LA fills as a reservoir and the ostia are widest) and a D wave in early diastole; brief reversal (Ar wave) with the narrowest calibre at atrial contraction. A raised LA pressure (e.g. MS) blunts the S wave \u2192 pulmonary congestion."},LAD:{zh:"\u5DE6\u524D\u964D\u652F",en:"Left Anterior Descending (LAD)",loc:"\u5DE6\u51A0\u72B6\u52A8\u8109\u4E3B\u5E72\u7684\u5EF6\u7EED,\u6CBF\u524D\u5BA4\u95F4\u6C9F\u4E0B\u884C\u81F3\u5FC3\u5C16\u3002",locEn:"Continuation of the left main coronary artery down the anterior interventricular groove to the apex.",fn:"\u4F9B\u5E94\u5DE6\u5BA4\u524D\u58C1\u3001\u5FC3\u5C16\u3001\u5BA4\u95F4\u9694\u524D 2/3\u3001\u53F3\u675F\u652F\u4E0E\u5DE6\u524D\u5206\u652F\u3002",fnEn:"Supplies the anterior LV wall, the apex, the anterior two-thirds of the septum, the right bundle branch and the left anterior fascicle.",clin:'\u4F9B\u8840\u8303\u56F4\u6700\u5927,\u95ED\u585E\u540E\u679C\u6700\u91CD,\u4FD7\u79F0"\u5BE1\u5987\u5236\u9020\u8005";\u5BF9\u5E94\u5FC3\u7535\u56FE V1\u2013V4 \u5BFC\u8054\u3002',clinEn:'Largest territory and the most dangerous occlusion ("widow-maker"); seen in ECG leads V1\u2013V4.',cycle:"\u51A0\u8109\u8840\u6D41\u4E3B\u8981\u5728**\u8212\u5F20\u671F**(\u7B2C 5-7 \u65F6\u76F8);\u5FC3\u52A8\u8FC7\u901F\u7F29\u77ED\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5373\u51CF\u5C11\u51A0\u8109\u704C\u6CE8\u3002",cycleEn:"Flow is mainly **diastolic** (phases 5\u20137); tachycardia shortens diastole and reduces coronary perfusion."},LCX:{zh:"\u5DE6\u56DE\u65CB\u652F",en:"Left Circumflex (LCx)",loc:"\u5DE6\u51A0\u72B6\u52A8\u8109\u4E3B\u5E72\u7684\u53E6\u4E00\u5206\u652F,\u6CBF\u5DE6\u623F\u5BA4\u6C9F\u7ED5\u5411\u5FC3\u810F\u540E\u65B9\u3002",locEn:"The other branch of the left main, running in the left atrioventricular groove to the back of the heart.",fn:"\u4F9B\u5E94\u5DE6\u5BA4\u4FA7\u58C1\u4E0E\u540E\u58C1;\u7EA6 10% \u4EBA\u7FA4\u7531\u5176\u53D1\u51FA\u540E\u964D\u652F(\u5DE6\u4F18\u52BF\u578B)\u3002",fnEn:"Supplies the lateral and posterior LV walls; gives rise to the PDA in about 10% of people (left dominance).",clin:"\u95ED\u585E\u5BF9\u5E94\u5FC3\u7535\u56FE I\u3001aVL\u3001V5\u2013V6 \u5BFC\u8054;\u6613\u88AB\u5E38\u89C4 12 \u5BFC\u8054\u6F0F\u8BCA\u3002",clinEn:"Occlusion shows in leads I, aVL and V5\u2013V6 and is easily missed on a standard 12-lead ECG.",cycle:"\u540C\u524D\u964D\u652F\uFF08LAD\uFF09,\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u704C\u6CE8\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002",cycleEn:"Like the LAD, perfused mainly in diastole."},RCA:{zh:"\u53F3\u51A0\u72B6\u52A8\u8109",en:"Right Coronary Artery (RCA)",loc:"\u81EA\u53F3\u4E3B\u52A8\u8109\u7AA6\u53D1\u51FA,\u6CBF\u53F3\u623F\u5BA4\u6C9F\u8D70\u884C\u3002",locEn:"Arises from the right aortic sinus and runs in the right atrioventricular groove.",fn:"\u4F9B\u5E94\u53F3\u5BA4\u3001\u53F3\u623F,\u5E76\u53D1\u51FA\u7AA6\u623F\u7ED3\u652F\u4E0E\u623F\u5BA4\u7ED3\u652F;\u7EA6 80\u201390% \u4EBA\u7FA4\u7531\u5176\u53D1\u51FA\u540E\u964D\u652F\u3002",fnEn:"Supplies the RV and RA and gives off the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal branches; gives rise to the PDA in about 80\u201390% of people.",clin:"\u4E0B\u58C1\u5FC3\u6897(II\u3001III\u3001aVF)\u591A\u4E3A\u53F3\u51A0\uFF08RCA\uFF09\u95ED\u585E,\u5E38\u4F34\u7F13\u6162\u6027\u5FC3\u5F8B\u5931\u5E38\u4E0E\u4F4E\u8840\u538B\u3002",clinEn:"Inferior MI (II, III, aVF) is usually an RCA occlusion, often with bradyarrhythmia and hypotension.",cycle:"\u53F3\u5BA4\u538B\u4F4E,\u53F3\u51A0\uFF08RCA\uFF09\u5728\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u4E0E\u8212\u5F20\u671F**\u5747\u6709**\u8840\u6D41(\u4E0E\u5DE6\u51A0\u4E0D\u540C)\u3002",cycleEn:"Because RV pressure is low, the RCA flows in **both** systole and diastole (unlike the left coronaries)."},PDA:{zh:"\u540E\u964D\u652F",en:"Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)",loc:"\u6CBF\u540E\u5BA4\u95F4\u6C9F\u4E0B\u884C;\u7531\u53F3\u51A0\uFF08RCA\uFF09\u53D1\u51FA\u79F0\u53F3\u4F18\u52BF\u578B,\u7531\u56DE\u65CB\u652F\uFF08LCx\uFF09\u53D1\u51FA\u79F0\u5DE6\u4F18\u52BF\u578B\u3002",locEn:"Runs in the posterior interventricular groove; right-dominant when it comes from the RCA, left-dominant from the LCx.",fn:"\u4F9B\u5E94\u5DE6\u53F3\u5BA4\u4E0B\u58C1\u4E0E\u5BA4\u95F4\u9694\u540E 1/3\u3002",fnEn:"Supplies the inferior walls of both ventricles and the posterior third of the septum.",clin:'"\u4F18\u52BF\u578B"\u5224\u5B9A\u662F\u4ECB\u5165\u672F\u524D\u8BC4\u4F30\u7684\u5E38\u89C4\u5185\u5BB9,\u51B3\u5B9A\u7F6A\u72AF\u8840\u7BA1\u5F52\u5C5E\u3002',clinEn:"Establishing dominance is routine before coronary intervention and decides which artery is the culprit.",cycle:"\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u704C\u6CE8\u3002",cycleEn:"Perfused in diastole."},CS:{zh:"\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6 \xB7 \u5FC3\u5927\u9759\u8109",en:"Coronary Sinus & Great Cardiac Vein",loc:"\u5FC3\u5927\u9759\u8109\u8D77\u4E8E\u5FC3\u5C16\u9644\u8FD1,\u6CBF\u524D\u5BA4\u95F4\u6C9F\u4E0A\u884C,\u7ED5\u5165\u5DE6\u623F\u5BA4\u6C9F(\u51A0\u72B6\u6C9F)\u540E\u6BB5\u7EED\u4E3A\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6,\u5F00\u53E3\u4E8E\u53F3\u623F\u540E\u4E0B\u58C1\u3001\u4E0B\u8154\u9759\u8109\u53E3\u4E0E\u4E09\u5C16\u74E3\u53E3\u4E4B\u95F4\u3002",locEn:"The great cardiac vein starts near the apex, climbs the anterior interventricular groove, turns into the left atrioventricular groove and continues as the coronary sinus, which opens into the posterior-inferior RA between the IVC and the tricuspid orifice.",fn:"\u6536\u96C6\u5FC3\u810F\u7EA6 2/3 \u7684\u9759\u8109\u8840,\u76F4\u63A5\u6CE8\u5165\u53F3\u623F\u3002",fnEn:"Collects about two-thirds of the venous blood of the heart and drains it straight into the RA.",clin:"\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u53E3\u662F\u7535\u751F\u7406\u4E0E\u8D77\u640F\u7684\u89E3\u5256\u6807\u5FD7:\u5FC3\u810F\u518D\u540C\u6B65\u5316\u6CBB\u7597\uFF08CRT\uFF09\u7684\u5DE6\u5BA4\u5BFC\u7EBF\u7ECF\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u7F6E\u5165,\u5FC3\u810F\u624B\u672F\u7ECF\u6B64\u9006\u884C\u704C\u6CE8\u505C\u640F\u6DB2\u3002",clinEn:"A landmark for electrophysiology and pacing: CRT left-ventricular leads pass through it, and cardioplegia can be given retrogradely through it.",cycle:"\u5FC3\u5BA4\u6536\u7F29\u65F6\u58C1\u5185\u9759\u8109\u53D7\u6324\u538B\u3001\u628A\u8840\u6324\u51FA,\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u8840\u6D41\u4EE5**\u6536\u7F29\u671F**\u4E3A\u4E3B,\u4E0E\u51A0\u8109\u52A8\u8109\u704C\u6CE8(\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u4E3A\u4E3B)\u76F8\u4F4D\u76F8\u53CD\u3002",cycleEn:"Ventricular contraction squeezes the intramural veins, so coronary sinus flow is mainly **systolic** \u2014 out of phase with arterial inflow, which is mainly diastolic."},MCV:{zh:"\u5FC3\u4E2D\u9759\u8109",en:"Middle Cardiac Vein",loc:"\u6CBF\u540E\u5BA4\u95F4\u6C9F\u4E0A\u884C,\u4E0E\u540E\u964D\u652F\u4F34\u884C,\u6CE8\u5165\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u672B\u6BB5\u3002",locEn:"Runs up the posterior interventricular groove beside the PDA into the end of the coronary sinus.",fn:"\u5F15\u6D41\u5DE6\u53F3\u5BA4\u4E0B\u58C1\u4E0E\u5BA4\u95F4\u9694\u540E\u90E8\u3002",fnEn:"Drains the inferior walls of both ventricles and the posterior septum.",clin:"\u5FC3\u5916\u819C\u6807\u6D4B\u4E0E\u6D88\u878D\u5E38\u7ECF\u5FC3\u4E2D\u9759\u8109\u8FDB\u5165;\u540E\u964D\u652F\u4ECB\u5165\u65F6\u7684\u90BB\u8FD1\u7ED3\u6784\u3002",clinEn:"A route for epicardial mapping and ablation; lies right next to the PDA during intervention.",cycle:"\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u88AB\u5FC3\u808C\u6324\u51FA,\u56DE\u6D41\u4EE5\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002",cycleEn:"Emptied mainly in systole, squeezed by the contracting myocardium."},PVLV:{zh:"\u5DE6\u5BA4\u540E\u9759\u8109",en:"Posterior Vein of the Left Ventricle",loc:"\u8D70\u884C\u4E8E\u5DE6\u5BA4\u8188\u9762(\u540E\u58C1),\u81EA\u4E0B\u5411\u4E0A\u6CE8\u5165\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u6216\u5FC3\u5927\u9759\u8109\u3002",locEn:"Runs on the diaphragmatic (posterior) surface of the LV up into the coronary sinus or great cardiac vein.",fn:"\u5F15\u6D41\u5DE6\u5BA4\u540E\u58C1\u3002",fnEn:"Drains the posterior LV wall.",clin:"\u5FC3\u810F\u518D\u540C\u6B65\u5316\u6CBB\u7597(CRT)\u5DE6\u5BA4\u7535\u6781\u7684\u5E38\u7528\u9776\u9759\u8109\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002",clinEn:"A common target vein for the LV lead in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT).",cycle:"\u56DE\u6D41\u4EE5\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002",cycleEn:"Drains mainly in systole."},SCV:{zh:"\u5FC3\u5C0F\u9759\u8109",en:"Small Cardiac Vein",loc:"\u6CBF\u53F3\u623F\u5BA4\u6C9F\u4E0E\u53F3\u51A0\u72B6\u52A8\u8109\u4F34\u884C,\u6CE8\u5165\u51A0\u72B6\u7AA6\u53E3\u9644\u8FD1\u6216\u76F4\u63A5\u5F00\u53E3\u4E8E\u53F3\u623F\u3002",locEn:"Accompanies the RCA in the right atrioventricular groove and drains near the coronary sinus ostium or straight into the RA.",fn:"\u5F15\u6D41\u53F3\u623F\u4E0E\u53F3\u5BA4\u7684\u90E8\u5206\u9759\u8109\u8840\u3002",fnEn:"Drains part of the RA and RV.",clin:"\u53D8\u5F02\u591A,\u53EF\u7F3A\u5982\u3002",clinEn:"Highly variable and sometimes absent.",cycle:"\u56DE\u6D41\u4EE5\u6536\u7F29\u671F\u4E3A\u4E3B\u3002",cycleEn:"Drains mainly in systole."},PERICARDIUM:{zh:"\u5FC3\u5305",en:"Pericardium",loc:"\u5305\u88F9\u5FC3\u810F\u4E0E\u5927\u8840\u7BA1\u6839\u90E8\u7684\u53CC\u5C42\u56CA,\u810F\u5C42\u8D34\u5FC3\u5916\u819C,\u58C1\u5C42\u5916\u63A5\u7EA4\u7EF4\u5FC3\u5305\u3002",locEn:"Two-layered sac around the heart and the roots of the great vessels: the visceral layer covers the epicardium, the parietal layer lines the fibrous pericardium.",fn:"\u9650\u5236\u5FC3\u810F\u8FC7\u5EA6\u6269\u5F20\u3001\u51CF\u5C11\u6469\u64E6\u3001\u56FA\u5B9A\u5FC3\u810F\u4E8E\u7EB5\u9694\u3002",fnEn:"Limits over-distension, reduces friction and anchors the heart in the mediastinum.",clin:"\u5FC3\u5305\u79EF\u6DB2\u6025\u6027\u589E\u591A \u2192 \u5FC3\u5305\u586B\u585E(Beck \u4E09\u8054\u5F81);\u7F29\u7A84\u6027\u5FC3\u5305\u708E\u9650\u5236\u8212\u5F20\u671F\u5145\u76C8\u3002",clinEn:"Rapid effusion \u2192 tamponade (Beck triad); constrictive pericarditis restricts diastolic filling.",cycle:"\u6B63\u5E38\u65F6\u5BF9\u5145\u76C8\u51E0\u65E0\u9650\u5236;\u586B\u585E\u65F6\u7B2C 6-7 \u65F6\u76F8\u4E0E\u7B2C 1 \u65F6\u76F8\u7684\u5145\u76C8\u53D7\u9650,\u51FA\u73B0\u5947\u8109\u3002",cycleEn:"Normally hardly limits filling; in tamponade filling in phases 6\u20137 and 1 is restricted and pulsus paradoxus appears."}};Object.assign(window,{PHASE_BOUNDS,PHASES,STATES,ANATOMY,VOL_REF,setHeartRate,phaseBoundsForHR,getPhaseIndex,getPhaseLocal,cosEase,ventricleContractionAt,ejectionFraction,atrialContractionAt,contractionAmplitude,atrialKickFraction,ATRIAL_CONTRACT_GAIN,STATE_GROUPS,AMP_MAX,valveOpenAt,deriveStateMetrics});